by: Mitchell Harper
JavaScript can be one of the most useful additions to any web page. It comes bundled with Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator and it allows us to perform field validations, mouse-overs images, open popup windows, and a slew of other things.
In this article I will show you how to:
- Display the browser name and version number
- Change the text in the status bar of the browser
- Use an input box to get text from the user
- Use a message box to display text to the user
- Change the title of the browser window
Before that, however, we need to know how to setup our web page
so that it can run the JavaScript. JavaScript code is inserted between opening and closing script tags: <script> and </script>, like this:
<script language="JavaScript">
// JavaScript code goes here
</script>
These script tags can be placed anywhere on the page, however
it's common practice to place them between the <head> and </head>
tags. A basic HTML page that contains some JavaScript looks like this:
<html>
<head>
<title> My Test Page < itle>
<script language="JavaScript">
function testfunc()
{
var x = 1;
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello</h1>
</body>
</html>
For the examples in this article, you should use the basic
document format I have just shown you, inserting the JavaScript
code between the <script> and </script> tags. When you load the
page in your browser, the JavaScript code will be executed
automatically.
-----------------------------------------------
Displaying the browsers name and version number
-----------------------------------------------
The "navigator" object in JavaScript contains the details of the
users browser, including its name and version number. We can
display them in our browser using the document.write function:
document.write("Your browser is: " + navigator.appName);
document.write("
Its version is: " + navigator.appVersion);
I run Windows 2000 and Internet Explorer version 6, so the output
from the code above looks like this in my browser window:
Your browser is: Microsoft Internet Explorer
Its version is: 4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0b; Windows NT 5.0)
-----------------------------------------------
Changing the text in the status bar of the browser
-----------------------------------------------
To change the text in the status bar of a browser window, we just
change the "status" member of the "window" object, which
represents our entire browser window:
window.status = "This is some text";
-----------------------------------------------
Using an input box to get text from the user
-----------------------------------------------
Just like in traditional windows applications, we can use an input box to get some text input from the user. The "prompt"
function is all we need:
var name = prompt("What is your name?");
document.write("Hello " + name);
The prompt function accepts just one argument (the title of the
input box), and returns the value entered into the text box. In the example above, we get the users name and store it in the "name" variable. We then use the "document.write" function to output their name into the browser window.
-----------------------------------------------
Using a message box to display text to the user
-----------------------------------------------
We can display a message box containing an OK button. These
are great when you want to let the user know what is happening
during their time on a particular page. We can use a message box
to display the "name" variable from our previous example:
var name = prompt("What is your name?");
alert("Your name is: " + name);
The "alert" function takes one argument, which is the text to
display inside of the message box.
-----------------------------------------------
Changing the title of the browser window
-----------------------------------------------
To change the title of our web browser's window, we simply modify
the "document.title" variable, like this:
document.title = "My new title";
One bad thing about the "document.title" variable is that we can only manipulate it in Microsoft Internet Explorer. Netscape's implementation of JavaScript doesn't allow us to modify it.
-----------------------------------------------
In Closing
-----------------------------------------------
As you can see from the examples in this article, JavaScript is a powerful scripting language that we can use to enhance our visitors experience with our site. You shouldn't use JavaScript too much, however, because in some cases it can annoy your visitors and send them packing before your site even loads!
Thursday, June 7, 2007
Some Useful JavaScript Tricks
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